Right to Information

        

For BCAJ February, 2008

 Narayan Varma

CIC’s decisions :

Information on Service Tax on CAs :

From various Orders of the CIC, some of them reported earlier in this feature, it appears that the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) very often denies information applied for under the Right to Information Act. The matter then  oes to the CIC in appeal. Here is one more case, the appeal was filed by P. S. Bhansali, a Chartered Accountant from Jodhpur. Extract from the Order dated 26-12- 2007 :

“The short-point for disposal in this case is whether the representations made by the ICAI to the Union Finance Minister and other authorities regarding withdrawal of Service Tax notification No. 2/2006/Service Tax, dated 1-3-2006 and restoration of Notification No. 59/98/Service Tax, dated 16-10-1998, relating to granting of exemption to practising Chartered Accountants on services rendered other than audition (sic), Accounting & Certification, be disclosed as requested in the RTI application of the appellant dated 12-9-2007. The respondents have taken the plea that this information is covered by the exemption S. 8(1)(e) of the RTI Act.

On examination, I do not find the exemptionclaim of the respondents valid. The information requested is neither secret nor confidential. It is also known to exist in the hands of the respondents as it originated from there. There is no reason why such information cannot be disclosed.

The reasons advanced by the respondents are specious. It is, therefore, directed that the information requested may be disclosed to the appellant within 3 weeks from the date of the receipt of this order.”

(Order in case No. CIC/AT/A/2007/00835 of 26- 12-2007)

This would be interesting information once ICAI furnishes the same to Shri Bhansali, as the entire subject of the Service Tax on CAs has been a sour issue with all of us.

S. 11 and S. 8(1)(d) of the RTI Act :

The case is of Shri Anil Kumar Sharma v. Office of the Registrar of Companies, M.P. & C.G. (Ministry of Company Affairs)

The appellant had sought certain information about a company of which he was a shareholder. He had alleged that the company, as identified in his application, has been conducting its business activities in an illegal manner and has thus earned profit through corrupt practices. In this context, he had sought inspection of the relevant documents, which was allowed. But, the identified documents had not been furnished to him.

In response to his application for information, the CPIO sought concurrence of the company (the third party) u/s.11 of the Act, which did not permit the disclosure of information asked for by the appellant.

Not being satisfied, in his appeal before the CIC, the appellant pleaded that information sought should be furnished.

In its decision, the CIC stated :

“A major concern of the RTI Act is to contain corruption. The disclosure of information relating to corrupt practices of public/private companies is, therefore, largely in public interest. The allegations made by the appellant about the illegal activities of the company in question should have been investigated by the competent body, mainly the respondent. It does not seem to have been done. The appellant is, therefore, advised to approach the competent authority to investigate the allegations made by him, so as to find the facts in the matter or to establish that allegations, as above, are motivated for promoting personal interest of the appellant.”

“As the matter pertains to alleged corruption, disclosure of information is largely in public interest. Denial of information u/s.8(1)(d) of the Act, after having shown the entire records to the appellant is, therefore, untenable.”

Based on the above, the CIC directed the CPIO to acquire the information asked for u/s.2(f) of the Act and furnish the same to the appellant within 15 working days from the date of issue of its’ decision.

(Decision No. 1739/IC(A)/2007 F. No. CIC/MA/A/2007/00783 of 26th December 2007)

S. 8(1)(h) and S. 8(1)(j) of the RTI Act :

Request for information was made by Shri Y.S.N. Rajput of Vadodara to the CIT, Baroda (Shri K. K. Tripathi).

The queries of the appellant were focussed on the investigation conducted on Sweatamber Steel Ltd. by the respondents. The reason for turning down the information requested was principally on holding that the information pertained to a third party and being personal to that third party, it was barred by the exemption u/s.8(1)(j) of the RTI Act and on the finding that no public interest could be invoked to override the exemption.

As the CIT(CPIO) and CCIT(AA) had not stated whether the investigation was still continuing and if so, at what stage it was then, the CIC considered that it is necessary to first examine the implication of the exemption u/s.8(1)(h) of the RTI Act. It decided that “In case it is noted that the investigation proceedings had been completed and, therefore, exemption S. 8(1)(h) was not attracted, it would be necessary to examine the entire request by invoking the provisions of S. 11(1) of the Act.”

The CIC also noted that it was not clear from the Orders of the CPIO and the AA whether there was application of mind with regard to the above two alternatives. In view of this, it was necessary that the matter be examined once again by the Appellate

Authority for a proper conclusion.

Accordingly, it remitted back the appeal to the AA, Mr. R. B. Sinha (CCIT) for de-novo enquiry and disposal within 4 weeks from the date of the receipt of the Order.

(F.No. CIC/AT/A/2007/00553, dated 31st October 2007)

Appointment of Information Commission for Delhi :

An interesting complaint came before the CIC from Ms. Shruti Singh Chauhan against the Chief Minister of Delhi, GNCT of Delhi. Ms. Chauhan had sought the information on appointment of Information Commissioners. The same was not responded to at all.

The CIC decided to admit Ms. Chauhan’s complaint u/s.18(1)(c) of the Act and directed the PIO, at the Office of the Chief Minister of Delhi to respond to the request for information from the complainant Ms. Chauhan within 10 working days from  the date of receipt of this decision. However, the CIC also clarified that because GNCT Delhi is a Union Territory falling within the jurisdiction of the Central Information Commission, the GNCT is not competent to constitute an Information Commission either u/s.12(1) or u/s.15(1) of the RTI Act.

The CIC also ruled that in spite of the above facts, the PIO is not exonerated from his obligation to respond to an RTI application u/s.6(1) of the RTI Act. He was therefore directed to show cause as to why a penalty of Rs.250 per day from the date when the information fell due i.e., 9-3-2007 to the date when the response is actually given to complainant Ms. Shruti Singh, not exceeding Rs.25,000 should not be imposed on him/her u/s.20(1) of the RTI Act. The PIO was asked to submit his/her written submission on or before 21-1-2008.

(Complaint No. CIC/WB/C/2007/00228, dated 3-4-2007, decision dated 8-1-2008)

The RTI Act

S. 25 of the RTI Act provides that the Central Information Commission (CIC) and the State Information Commissions shall prepare an annual report on the implementation of the provisions of the RTI Act during the year.

Annual Report 2005-06 is now published by the Central Information Commission.

It consists of 140 pages with 6 chapters, 6 Tables and 5 charts and annexures of 70 pages. In this feature, the same is being summarised and reported in 3 parts. Chapter 1 is titled “The right to information from people’s movement to legislation”. It would be interesting to note that Sweden has the oldest legislation relating to public access to official documents, dating back to 1776 i.e., more than 200 years back from to-day. In India, the movement to effectuate the right to information occurred in three areas :

Legal pronouncements

Civil society/Peoples’ movement

Government action

The Supreme Court as early as in 1975 held that the RTI is a part of the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1) of the Constitution, since that right cannot be properly exercised if the people did not have the right to information.

Civil society’s and people’s movement culminated when in 1996, a nationwide network of senior journalists, lawyers, distinguished bureaucrats, academics and Non-Government Organisation (NGO) activists was formed that vigorously

advocated the removal of the Official Secrets Act, 1923 and the legislation of a strong Right to Information Act at the Centre.

That brought increased awareness among public functionaries that disclosure of information should be the norm and not the exception.

The next stage of development was drafting a model information access legislation for consideration by the Government. After such a draft was prepared in 1996 and revised in 1997, finally ‘Freedom of Information’ (FOI) Bill was prepared in 2000 and FOI Act was passed in 2002 and received the presidential assent in 2003. However, the same was never notified and as a result was never enforced. Finally, fresh Bill, the RTI Bill was tabled in the Parliament in 2004 and after a few amendments, the Parliament enacted the Right to Information Act, 2005. The Act came into force on 12 October 2005.

It may be noted that many States in India were already having the State RTI Act before this Act came into force (starting with Tamil Nadu and Goa in 1997, followed by Rajasthan, Delhi, Maharashtra & Assam and the last Madhya Pradesh in 2003). All these Acts got abrogated on passing of the Central Act. However, the only State Act that survives today is Jammu & Kashmir RTI Act, 2004 as the Central Act does not get extended to that State.

Chapter 2 deals with Key Roles and Responsibilities of the Central Information Commission. On 26th October, 2005, Mr. Wajahat Habibullah became India’s First Chief Information Commissioner and other 4 Information Commissioners were appointed during October-December 2005 and the said five members constitute and continue as the RTI Central Commission.

Other News

RTI exposes misuse of public funds :

The Times of India editorial has reported the following :

“It seems the babus can’t keep their hands even off funds meant for victims of war and natural calamities. Documents obtained by a Ludhianabased NGO under the Right to Information Act reveal that bureaucrats heading local branches of the Indian Red Cross Society diverted money collected for Kargil war relief and rehabilitation of tsunami and cyclone victims to pay hotel bills

among other things. Such misuse of funds by senior public officials betrays the trust people have in charities. However, there is a lesson in this episode that holds hope for the future.”

“The expose was the result of a judicious application of the RTI Act by an NGO. As we have said in these columns, the RTI Act is an effective tool that is at the disposal of the civil society to bring accountability and transparency in the conduct of public affairs. If backed by public action, the RTI Act could help the civil society to plug the leaks in the system.”

Ex-minister also runs against a wall for information :

Leader of the opposition in Rajya Sabha, Jaswant Singh sought information on privy purses that princely states in India were entitled to till late 1960’s.

He made RTI application on June 4. He got the reply around 40 days after saying that since the records were more than 35-years old they were transferred from the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) to the National Archives of India.

Singh complained to the CIC. When even the CIC did not respond, he asked on September, 28 “Sir, are we now to presume that there is no time limit to the retrieval of these files ? Are then we to wait endlessly ? The impression created by the reply from MHA is that the petitioner is at fault, probably one crucial reason why the Government brought the RTI Act in the first place.”

CIC Wajahat Habibullah heard the case in December 2007 and then directed the MHA to show him the three available files immediately, make renewed efforts to trace the remaining files and report to Singh as well as the CIC within the next

20 days.

It may be noted that S. 4(a) mandates every public authority to “maintain all its records duly catalogued and indexed in a manner and form that facilitates the right to information under this Act”.

However, very few public authorities have complied on this mandate.

Appointment of PIO in Maharashtra Public Authorities :

Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh has assured social activist Anna Hazare that show-cause notices would be slapped on all department heads who have failed to appoint an information officer till now. It may be noted that every public authority u/s.5 of the RTI Act was required to designate PIOs in all administrative units or offices under it by 12th October 2005. It is shocking that many public authorities have so far not complied with this requirement. We hope that Deshmukh’s order will force department heads to act fast on appointing information officers to reply to citizens’ queries.

The Chief Minister’s Relief Fund :

Earlier in this feature, we had reported that PMO had held in reply to RTI query that Prime Minister’s Relief Fund is not covered under the RTI. Now Maharashtra Chief Minister’s Relief Fund, managed by 12 individuals comprising six ministers and six bureaucrats, is not a public authority, as per the reply received to the RTI query. After refusing to give details of the fund’s disbursements for over two years, the State’s Advocate General Ravi Kadam argued before a Full Bench of the

Information Commission that the fund was not a public authority, and hence escaped the RTI Act.

RTI — A part of changing Mumbai :

While talking about the changing topography of Mumbai, the buzz is about the skyline — how highrise towers are replacing chawls, mills are becoming malls and single-screens are becoming multiplex.

Another feature of a changing Mumbai may not be immediately apparent, but it is slowly weaving itself into the city’s fabric. RTI centres are mushrooming at various places. RTI helps citizens get answers and investigate complaints on civic issues, putting the authorities on the mat so to speak.

(An interesting report in MID-DAY)

Sagar Pandit :

Sagar Pandit, a student of humanities at St. Xavier’s College [Son of our (P.P.) Sanjeev Pandit] is the finalist from India for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum which will be held in Davos, Switzerland. He has been a great supporter of the RTI Act. Pandit stated (as reported in T of I) “As an activist in school and college, I have been a great supporter of the RTI Act. My strategy is to explain things in a simple manner and convince people through speeches and discussions. I would like to achieve complete transparency in our country’s government and administration.”