The Right to Information

For BCAJ January, 2008

          Narayan Varma

CIC’s decisions :

Provisions of S. 6(3) of the RTI Act :

Very often the information sought by an applicant is not in the possession of the PIO or the subject matter is not within the jurisdiction of that public authority. In such cases, S. 6(3) has made very important and interesting provision. The same

reads as under :

6(3) Where an application is made to a public authority requesting for an information, :

(i) which is held by another public authority;

or

(ii) the subject matter of which is more closely connected with the functions of another public authority,

the public authority, to which such application is made, shall transfer the application or such part of it as may be appropriate to that other public authority and inform the applicant immediately about such transfer :

Provided that the transfer of an application pursuant to this sub-section shall be made as soon as practicable, but in no case later than 5 days from the date of receipt of the application.

An interesting issue came in appeal before the Central Information Commission. The information was sought as under by one Mr. Jagdish Rana from the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions, Department of Personnel & Training (DoPT) :

1. “Copy of the ‘Noting’ and Copy of the compliance Report is requested under the RTI Act, 2005 made and issued by the Ministry of Finance, etc. as per directions of the Jt. Secy., Govt. of India in Para No. 6 of the Office Memorandum No. 28034/7/86-Estt/T, dated 3-4-1985 or 3-4-1986, issued by the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances (Dept. of Personnel & Training), New Delhi, regarding “Posting of Husband and Wife at the same Station”.

2. “Any other corrigendum, if any, issued/circulated in regard to the reference mentioned above, may also be clarified and supplied, whether the joint posting is applicable in our case when my wife Smt. Sushma Kumari is employee of Rajasthan State Govt. since July 1974 and I am employee in the Delhi Police (Essential Services) and in service as handicapped, wife is also facing long illness ?”

In response, the DoPT forwarded photo copy of the Department’s OM in question, for which he had not asked and no other information. The first appeal also failed.

At the appeal hearing before the CIC, the Appellate Authority was asked why, where the question did not pertain to his Ministry, they did not transfer the request u/s.6 (3). To that, he responded by stating that the OM in question applies only to the Government of India and not to the State Governments and the issue on which information was sought pertains to the State Governments (Rajasthan & Delhi).

Based on the above, the CIC decided as under :

It was not clarified in the response of either the CPIO or the first Appellate Authority that the OM in question applied only to the Government of India and was, therefore, not applicable to the State Governments. This now stands clarified in the CPIO’s response to the appeal notice. This was, no doubt, the ground for the plea that the DoPT ‘had no role’, but this could have been clarified in the first instance for the convenience of the applicant.

On the other hand the CIC found that the Delhi Police does come under the authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs, decidedly a Central Government organisation. Hence this matter could have been transferred to the Ministry of Home Affairs. The appeal was therefore allowed and the case was transferred to the CPIO Shri N. M. Krishnan, Director (Police), Ministry of Home Affairs, for disposal u/s.7(1) of the RTI Act, 2005.

From the above, it appears that provisions of S. 6(3) would not apply when the application is to the public authority of the Central Government, but the subject matter pertains to the public authority of a State Government and vice-versa.

(Shri Jagdish Rana v. DoPT, Appeal No. CIC/WB/A/2007/00106, decided on 10-12-2007)

Information on Income-tax return :

One Shri Anil Khare of Nagpur made an RTI application to the Income-tax Department, seeking copies of Income-tax returns, assessment orders, taxes paid and so on of the Vidarbha Cricket Association, Nagpur (VCA). Both the CPIO and AA declined to disclose the information, on the ground that this pertained to confidential information of a third party.

The appellant, before the CIC, argued extensively the justification for providing such information which according to him was in public interest. VCA on the other hand argued that most of the information sought is already in public domain and in the published annual reports; it further said that VCA was a public body, deeply conscious of its reputation and would not like anybody to impeach its reputation on the basis of contested Income-tax assessments, etc.

Before the CIC, the points of decisions were :

(a) whether the Income-tax Returns filed by VCA could be said to be exempt from disclosure u/s.8(1)(d) and u/s.8(1)(j) of the RTI Act.

(b) whether the public interest override proviso u/s.8(1)(j) and u/s.8(2) applies in this case.

The CIC decided vide the order dated 10th December 2007 as under :

“It has been the decision of this Commission in the cases Mrs. Shobha R. Arora v. Income-tax, Mumbai, (Appeal No. CIC/MA/A/2006/00220; Decision No. 119/IC(A)/2006; date of decision : 14-7-2006) and Ms. Neeru Bajaj v. Income-tax, (Appeal Nos. CIC/AT/A/2006/00644 & CIC/AT/A/2006/00646; date of decision 21-2-2007) that Income-tax returns are not liable to be disclosed under the exemption S. 8(1)(d) and S. 8(1)(j) of the RTI Act. The same applies in the present case as well.”

“The question now is whether those exemptions could be superseded by the public interest override u/s.8(1)(j) and u/s.8(2) provisos. As has been pointed out by the third-party’s representative, all information which forms the basis of the Income-tax return filed by VCA already figures in the Annual Reports of the Association. These are audited documents and are publicly available. All the information which the appellant needs — for that reason any other person — can be had from the Annual Reports of the VCA. It doesn’t seem necessary that he should be allowed access to the Income-tax returns of the VCA to obtain the same information which is otherwise available to him. The Commission is also in agreement with the third party that extreme caution has to be exercised before an Income-tax return of an assessee and the corresponding assessments be allowed to be made public.”

“A mere allegation of wrongdoing on part of an assessee by an interested person cannot provide the rationale for invoking the public-interest override of S. 8(2). Nothing which the appellant has stated before the Commission would qualify to be sufficient justification to invoke the public interest clause to supersede the exemption and allow disclosure of the Income-tax returns of the VCA. The Commission cannot also be oblivious of the concern of the VCA that given the history of dispute between the appellant and the VCA, it is quite possible that by allowing access to the appellant to the VCA’s Income-tax returns, an opportunity would be provided to him to besmirch the reputation of the VCA through propaganda and allusion. The VCA is understandably not willing to be drawn into controversies where it would be required to give explanations to unsubstantiated and motivated charges. The VCA also rightly stated that no return is complete till its final adjudication is over. Any premature disclosure would be liable to be misinterpreted and used as a tool to impeach the reputation of the VCA.”

Based on the above, the appeal was rejected.

[Shri Anil Khare v. CIT-I, CCIT and others, Appeal No. CIC/AT/A/2007/00921, decided on 10-12-2007]

The RTI Act

Reporting on the judgment of the High Court of Gujarat (the Court) — continuing from November and December, 2007 issues.

The third issue decided by the Court is regarding the provisions and proceedings u/s.18 and u/s.19 of the RTI Act.

The Court ruled that the State Information Commissioner has no power or jurisdiction to pass an order u/s.18 as he did, under which he remanded the matter to the first AA. According to the Court there is no provision in the Act remanding such application to AA, because it was a complaint u/s.18 and it violates the principle of natural justice as it was so remanded without calling the third party. The Court ruled as under :

“(i) The Information Commission has no authority or jurisdiction to pass an order directing the Appellate Authority to part with information u/s.18 of the Act.

(ii) The order clearly indicates that the Appellate Authority is left with no discretion except to issue suitable directions and to arrange to provide information.

(iii) No scope has been left for the Assistant Public Information Officer or the Public Information Officer to decide the matter considering the provisions of S. 11.

(iv) Direction is given that the lower authorities should not only provide information, but also furnish to the Commission the information so provided.

(v) The power u/s.18 is limited to hold an inquiry into a complaint and if necessary, impose penalties u/s.20. It is not an appellate power, for the appellate power is found in S. 19.

(vi) The effect of the order dated 31-1-2007 is that the petitioner has been completely deprived of statutory right of appeal. This would be evident from the fact that the Labour Commissioner has been directed to furnish information and further the Labour Commissioner has directed in turn the Assistant Labour Commissioner vide order dated 9-3-2007 to disclose the information. All appeals in the circumstances have become nugatory. Alternative remedy, which would be generally available, is completely lost in view of the order passed by the Information Commissioner.”

The Court did not much analyse the scope of S. 18 read with S. 19 and the point was kept open whether S. 18 and S. 19 are working independently or not. A thing which cannot be done directly can never be done indirectly. A right vested in the third party directly u/s.11(1) read with S. 7(7) of the Act, 2005 cannot be taken away by the respondent No. 1, treating the application preferred by the original applicant dated 7th September 2006 as the complaint u/s.18 of the Act, 2005. In other words, information, which cannot be given u/s.7, can never be given u/s.18. Because S. 7 is to be read with S. 11(1), without hearing third party, no information can be supplied if it is relating to or supplied by the third party and has been treated as confidential by the third party. Thus, a grave error has been committed by the respondent No. 1 in passing the order dated 31st January 2007, which is apparent on the face of the record.

Other News

Governor of Maharashtra’s travels :

One Pune-based teacher sought the information about the travels of the Governor of Maharashtra who had been making frequent trips to his home state Karnataka at the expense of the State Government. In reply to the application under the

RTI Act, it is revealed that Rs.35 lakhs had been spent on these 31 trips in the last 2 years. The Governor had been out of Maharashtra for more than 200 days during this period.

As a result of such disclosure under the RTI Act, it is interesting to note that stung by criticism, the Governor now has said that he will foot the bill himself including for official visits.

Stock exchanges :

As reported in earlier issues whether BSE and NSE are covered under the RTI Act, the matter is to be decided by the Bombay and Delhi High Courts, respectively.

A Bench headed by the Chief CIC Mr. Habibullah had termed the Government’s control over the functioning of stock exchanges as pervasive and said that bourses cannot be exempted from sharing information under the provisions of the Act.

The Chief CIC now wants the Supreme Court to resolve whether bourses can be brought under the purview of the RTI Act. The Commission is moving to get both the cases transferred to the Supreme Court.

Information on stolen mobiles from Delhi police :

Delhi-based social activist Subodh Jain got a rude shock when he received a letter from Deputy Commissioner of Police (West) Robin Hibu, asking him to deposit Rs.13,949 as advance for information he sought on the number of cases of mobile thefts in the city, under the RTI Act.

“If I want information from each of the 10 police districts and I pay the said amount for each police district, then I may have to shell out Rs.1.5 lakh,” Jain said, quoting the letter.

Hibu, in his letter, said the pointwise information sought by Jain was “lengthy and time-consuming” to compile. “In addition, a considerable strength of manpower of (Hibu’s) office as well as all police stations will be utilised to compile this

information,” he said.

According to Hibu, a sub-Inspector from his office would have to be deputed for the job for two days, the cost of which was calculated at Rs.1,546. Apart from it, Jain would also have to pay Rs.1,353 for deputing a head constable for three days while

another Rs.11,050 for 13 constables for their services for two days in this connection.